HRM Information Systems

HRM Information Systems Theoretical Data innovation is relied upon to drive Human Resource (HR)s progress from an attention on Human Resource Management (HRM) to Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This key job not just adds a significant measurement to the HR work, yet additionally changes the abilities that characterize HR expert and professional achievement. The examination targets researching what job if any do Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) play in SHRM. It endeavors to analyze how HR experts and administrators in various associations see the impacts of HRIS on vital HR errands and employment jobs. It likewise attempts to see whether there is any huge distinction in the utilization of HRIS between Small/Medium (SME) size and huge size organizations. A review survey was sent to various organizations. The objective gathering of the survey was HR supervisors, HR chiefs, and HR experts in organizations situated in England. The extension was augmented to incorporate both huge and little/medium estimated associations over all the business divisions. The aftereffects of the overview uncover that HR experts not just consider HRIS use as a help for vital HR assignments yet in addition see it as an empowering innovation. The examination likewise shows that huge measured firms are well on the way to encounter significant HRIS utilization on the side of key HR assignments. In addition, there was no huge distinction in relation to the size of an organization in regards to HRIS utilization on the side of responsibility the board and overseeing worker's guild relations with associations. Low reaction pace of this investigation makes speculation rather troublesome in any case, future examination would profit by higher reaction rates for progressively summed up results Review The connection between the HR systems and the organizations execution is an issue that has caused noteworthy separations in the writing for the most part due to the presence of numerous boundaries that can impact the outcomes delivered through the assessment of this issue by and by. In addition, in light of the fact that inside a firm, the members and the premiums are numerous it is hard to distinguish the job and the criticalness of every specific authoritative component especially when there is no particular corporate arrangement for such an examination. Examination PROBLEM The HR procedures followed by current associations present huge separations as per the organizations position in the market, its exhibition and its money related quality when all is said in done. In the long haul, the utilization of explicit HR techniques has been seen as related with the exhibition of the association. In addition, where proper HR plans have been applied, the authoritative exhibition has been seen as expanded. Points AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH Ebb and flow research as of now referenced above will concentrate on the assessment of the connection between HR techniques applied inside a specific association and its presentation. All together for the above errand to prompt legitimate outcomes, a progression of different issues will be analyzed at an auxiliary level. These issues are demonstratively: a) Which is the hugeness of the HR for the hierarchical activity, b) How the HR techniques can be increasingly successful? c) Is there any possibility for development in firms with explicit HR plan or any significant activity must be adjusted to the existed structure? d) Which are the fundamental parts of authoritative development and e) Are there whatever other components that can impact the organizations execution and which would be their communication with the HR procedures previously actualized in the specific firm? Impediments OF THE RESEARCH Ebb and flow research is restricted by the way that it is fairly impossible for organizations to furnish information related with their representatives issues related with the working environment. Then again, any projects or bolster devices existed are probably going to be given by all organizations that would be occupied with the exploration of current venture. Therefore, despite the fact that the activity fulfillment and the self-awareness of representatives would be fairly effortlessly observed, the presence of issues in the work environment would be hard to be demonstrated. Thus ebb and flow research as effectively portrayed above spotlights on the assessment of the HR techniques followed by associations all in all as these practices can be seen in many firms of present day business advertise. The presence of explicit separations as per the particular issue should be demonstrated either by insights discharged as a rule or by cases analyzed especially in the legitimate territory. Presentation As indicated by Likert, Every part of firms exercises is controlled by the ability, inspiration and general adequacy of its human association. Of the considerable number of undertakings of the executives, dealing with the human segment is the focal and most significant assignment since all depends how well it is finished. This citation summarizes the significance of human parts in an association and the requirement for overseeing it viably. Human asset the board is worried about all parts of dealing with the HR of an association. All the more explicitly, human asset the executives includes deciding the associations notice of human asset, enrolling and choosing the best accessible workers, creating, directing and remunerating representatives, going about as a contact with association and government association and taking care of different issues in regards to the prosperity of representatives. Every one of these capacities is important somewhat regardless of nature and size of the ass ociation. That is the reason in a large portion of the association a different office know as Personnel/Human asset Department is made for the powerful execution of these capacities. The connection between the HR procedures and the organizations execution is an issue that has caused critical separations in the writing for the most part due to the presence of numerous boundaries that can impact the outcomes delivered through the assessment of this issue by and by. Besides, on the grounds that inside a firm, the members and the premiums are numerous it is hard to distinguish the job and the centrality of every specific authoritative component especially when there is no particular corporate arrangement for such an examination. Association must have a lot of remarkable assets for increasing upper hand additionally legitimate use of those assets matters a great deal. Today association worker goes about as a fundamental asset and information, aptitudes and capacities must be conveyed and used to the most extreme impact if the association is to make esteem. Writing REVIEW HR ought to be considered as a huge hierarchical resource. In this unique circumstance, the utilization of the fitting methodologies for its turn of events, can prompt the improvement of the corporate presentation both in the short and the long haul. Be that as it may, there are additionally organizations where HR are not considered as having specific significance for the organizations development. In this unique situation, Haines (1997, 95) upheld that there are firms that see their HR as a cost instead of an advantage a component that is extra and maybe disposed of when the abilities had gets out of date; anyway when HR are seen as a benefit, organizations upgrade singular incentive through preparing and human turn of events and guarantee proceeded with commitment to the association. The significance of HR for the corporate presentation has regardless demonstrated both in the writing and the exact examination led in every single mechanical part. As per the abovementioned, all toget her for a firm to accomplish a steady and consistent development, it is vital that its representatives are fulfilled as this term has been clarified in the writing. All the more explicitly, as per Kim (2005, 669) work fulfillment is a full of feeling or enthusiastic reaction toward different aspects of ones employment. Occupation fulfillment has been a subject of extraordinary enthusiasm for analysts and professionals in a wide scope of fields, including hierarchical brain research, open organization, and the board. Then again, the presence of occupation fulfillment has been widely related with the degree of installment of representatives in the specific segments of a particular association. In fact, the investigation of Rudman (2003) demonstrated that paying for execution is a major issue in contemporary HR the executives; associations have since a long time ago accepted that creation and profitability improve when pay is connected to execution, and have created installment by-resu lts (PBR) frameworks and motivating force plans to help this conviction. In a similar setting, it is seen by Blinder (1990, 117) that representatives for the most part feel that benefit sharing and increase sharing are useful for individual exertion, organization development and efficiency, and work environment air. Nonetheless, all together for the organizations to accomplish the most extreme degree of development, it is important to structure and apply the fitting HR strategies as showed by every specific firms needs. The utilization of fit as a rule of assessment of the fitting corporate procedure has been widely utilized by and by. Towards this heading Wright (1998, 56) referenced that the fundamental hypothesis behind fit is that the viability of any HR practice or set of practices for affecting firm execution relies on the organizations technique (or then again, the adequacy of any system relies on having the correct HR rehearses). At the end of the day, the issues that should be considered by a firm before applying any important HR technique are many. Demonstratively, Katzell (1975, 5, 11-12) attempted to recognize the connection between the worker fulfillment (because of a particular HR procedure) and the corporate presentation and found that approach creators must face up to a genuine s ituation and discover some approach to determine it; the problem is this: strategy producers might want to accomplish two destinations for work associations, from one viewpoint to

Journeys Of Dante And St Augustine In Confessions Religion Essay

Excursions Of Dante And St Augustine In Confessions Religion Essay St. Augustine and Dante made an extraordinary commitment to the advancement of world societies. The effect of these incredible pioneers had an amazing power the following hundreds of years. Looking at the otherworldly excursions of Dante and St. Augustine in the Confessions, it is conceivable to make reference to that the sonnet The Divine Comedy is a genuine magnum opus of an acclaimed Italian artist. Dante saw the other world and discussed his excursion through some serious hardship. This sonnet epitomizes a figurative vision of the great beyond, good and strict contemplations with educational purposes. Various stories of spooky wanderings, dreams of paradise and damnation discovered its most elevated imaginative articulation in the Divine Comedy. Dante has made a framework in a grating blend of pictures. This framework is roused by the lessons of the congregation and the lessons of Aristotle and Cicero. Dantes direct through some serious hardship was a Roman writer Virgil, who being the voice of reason, taught Dantes otherworldly life and helped him to shape an ethical heart, vital for life in concordance with Gods will. In examination, the Confession is a focal arti stic work of St. Augustine. The name of this work altogether relates to its genuine substance: a miscreant, opening his own spirit to the perusers, even with God and individuals apologizes of his wrongdoings and offers gratitude to God for His leniency. During his life, Augustine voyaged a ton, learning and seeing the Orthodox confidence. The difference between the profound excursions of Dante and St. Augustine is that Augustines venture is more confessionary, yet Dantes one is increasingly mental. St. Augustine and Dante as the admirers of excellence, both artistic and physical, share a similar requirement for its payment. In any case, nobody would express that excellence is damage or fiendishness. The Divine Comedy and The Confessions uncovered that magnificence is acceptable and it is from God. One of the fundamental ideas is that the two writers expressed that so as to feel the culmination of salvation, it is important to recollect that excellence must be adored as a methods for Gods elegance and perceived as originating from Him. Looking at Dante and St. Augustine, it is conceivable to include that, as indicated by their places of perspectives, the fundamental key to feel this salvation is beauty. Dante saw the thoughts of St. Augustine through numerous layers and hence the connection among Dante and St. Augustine is intervene. The primary concern of contact: a flat out matchless quality of otherworldly qualities over common ones, a furious upbraiding of people groups unquenchable want to have a wrongdoing of desire. The similitudes between their self-portraying accounts are that Augustine and Dante can't envision some other method of presence, aside from inside the structure of the Christian perfect. Augustine showed Dante how to prevail in the specialty of medieval admission a child of the Century. This admission of energetic works and The New Life is the most impressive words in the verses of Dante, which makes it imperishable. Likewise, Dante acquired Augustines mental examination situated on the perusers minds, yet in addition on the perusers spirits. Dante was pulled in by the thoughts and masterful techniques for Augustine. He frequently routed to The Confessions, which in a roundabout way showed the proportion of impacts on his craft and religious philosophy. This is a far reaching truth that Virgil assumed a major job in Dantes account. Virgil, as a delegate of the most significant human knowledge, became Dantes pioneer and guide through the circles of hellfire. For Dante, Virgil is the most elevated writer, respect and light of the artists everywhere throughout the world, my instructor, my preferred model, and a precursor of another period throughout the entire existence of humanity. For Dante, the Aeneid was a steady wellspring of motivation, from which he determined the thought and style of Comedy, just as his verse: a blend of supernatural quality, dream, reality and prediction. Despite the fact that there are a few contrasts between Dantes Inferno and Virgils Inferno (Dantes Inferno was possessed by adversaries and companions), he obtained Virgils legends of the Golden Age and Cretan elderly person, ghastly canine, pictures of Reef and Plantman, and so forth. A few researchers stressed a polyphonic character of St. Augustines Confessions, explicitly his use of different scriptural citations, implications, and Virgils Aeneid. On the off chance that we recall the principle geological developments of St. Augustine, we can see that these developments reflect Aeneas ventures. For example, Augustine comes to Carthage, which is one of the most notable and focal urban areas of the Roman Empire, so as to proceed and afterward finish his examining. St. Augustines utilization of certain Virgils content is a blend of an old convention of taking up various stories, points from the past works and after that re-thinking of them for your own motivations. Accordingly, Virgil assumed a significant job in Augustines account. Taking the above-expressed data into thought, it is conceivable to reach a determination that St. Augustines work is an amazing power that isolates one recorded time from another the finish of old Christianity from the early medieval Christianity. Thus, Dantes innovativeness tremendously affected the improvement of Italian writing and European culture in general.

World Cup Challenge

World Cup Challenge Here at MIT, with our large population of international and immigrant students, World Cup fever is in full force. I got to watch the opening match between Germany and Costa Rica on the big screen with a huge and rowdy group of MIT students, and Im looking forward to watching many of the remaining games with such an intense group of students from around the world. Today, Id like to kick off the MIT Admissions World Cup Challenge. The Challenge is meant to be just for fun, and an interesting way to see just how many countries around the world come to MIT. Heres the challenge: In each World Cup group, name the country from which MIT received the most freshman applications this past year. A few notes: There are no ties, and only three countries in the World Cup had zero applications submitted to MIT this year. Also, in Group E, we wont count the USA (and not just because they played so poorly against the Czech Republic yesterday). To recap, here are the groups: Group A: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Germany, Poland Group B: England, Paraguay, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago Group C: Argentina, Cote dIvoire, Netherlands, Serbia and Montenegro Group D: Angola, Iran, Mexico, Portugal Group E: Czech Republic, Ghana, Italy, USA* Group F: Australia, Brazil, Croatia, Japan Group G: France, South Korea, Switzerland, Togo Group H: Saudi Arabia, Spain, Tunisia, Ukraine Good luck!

Social and Ethical Values - 2689 Words

Social and Ethics Values In this word document I will be talking about social and ethical values, how they have an impact at the workplace and how they relate to Ikea’s aims and objectives. There are various different types of factors that we need to consider for social and ethical values such as: 1) Production/products 2) Suppliers 3) Customers 4) Workers 5) Environment 6) Local communities All of these factors have an impact on the workplace. Products/ Production: This is a print screen from the Ikea website and this shows that Ikea is very caring about the environment and they try to make sure that even at low prices that the quality of the product is still very good and they ensure they’re customers that†¦show more content†¦This is a print screen from the famous consumer review website called www.moneysavingexpert.com and on this website I found a review saying that the customer service at Ikea is terrible and this was posted by â€Å"keithboy40† this customer had bought a product from Ikea it didn’t turn to be the same one that he had asked for he understood that it could have been a mistake so he had to travel 15 miles back to Ikea just so he can explain the situation to them however the manager there was not very friendly and helpful or even in fact knowledgeable because the customer told him that the bed he had chosen was a bargain corner bed and the manager said the bed we gave you is the one you have chos en and that it is a bargain corner bed and therefore the customers money would not be returned back to him and the customer’s argument was that the sales man didn’t tell them that this was also a bargain corner bed and that it could not be returned after it has been purchased. 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CSR needs a proper organizational environment to be eff ective and in such a scenario one can say thatRead MoreDescribe the Importance of Quality Leadership and the Difference Between Leadership and Management Within a Health and Social Care Environment, and Explain the Ethical Value Framework Leaders of Services Should Adhere to3762 Words   |  16 PagesFOUNDATION DEGREE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENTETHICS, LEADERSHIP AND INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREHS4501-40Describe The Importance Of Quality Leadership And The Difference Between Leadership And Management Within A Health And Social Care Environment, And Explain The Ethical Value Framework Leaders Of Services Should Adhere To STUDENT ID: 213599 06/05/2011 WORD COUNT 3,606 | | Read MoreThe Leader s Ethical Values Influence Leadership Style Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesindustries for instance, public, private, government, and non-profit/for-profit. The leader’s ethical values influence leadership style. 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Global Health And Human Rights Essay - 1640 Words

There is a compassion gap in the first world. Although many believes human beings are all entitled to human dignity, they easily fail to recognize that human lives on the other side of globe are equally precious. The first world leaders still struggle to take a responsibility to appropriately intervene and protect human lives at risk. Through years of studying International Relations in college, I have learned about the politics of human rights. As my knowledge in civil wars and terrorism increased, I became more compelled to address neglected injustice and victims of human rights violations. Eventually, my focus shifted to transnational issues centered on victims of the conflicts, refugees and asylum seekers. I saw my fellow classmates learning and realizing the need and value of defending human rights, but many of them moved on and failed to act on their compassion. 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Outline what is meant by the two strands of British conservatism and consider whether they are compatible Free Essays

string(125) " century Michael Oakeshott depicted politics as an art of where to go next, not a science of setting up a permanent society\." The two strands of the conservative thought have ostensibly different views on how the society ought to be organised. The paternalistic strand derives from the 18th century based on an organic society in which privileges and obligations were classified according to hierarchy, with the consequence that the rich should take responsibility as custodians for the poor, nobelle oblige, this rhetoric is used to provide social assistance. The liberal strand derives the from 19th century classic liberalism in which individuals pursue their own interests in a self-help society based on the free market system in which any form of interference in the economy will lead not only to bureaucratic inefficiency but could also be dangerous as a means for totalitarianism. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline what is meant by the two strands of British conservatism and consider whether they are compatible or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 According to W. H. Greenleaf, a distinguished historian of the British political tradition, the two strands share principles which separate them from other ideologies even though they have different conceptions of the society2. Already in the early nineteenth century different outlooks of the two stands began to appear. In 1835, the conservative Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel advocated a firm government in a free market economy. When Disraeli led the conservative party, however, this attitude changed completely. He believed that competitive capitalism harmed the traditional community. He blamed Peel for selfishness and when the electorate expanded he used the ‘one-nation’ appeal referring to the feudal ideal, in which the rich took their responsibility as custodians for the poor. Disraeli did not believe that without social assistance the mass of the electorate would endorse traditional institutions3. This paternalistic brand proclaimed by Disraeli has been the ascendant strand in British conservatism until 1970’s. The liberal strand has been rarely represented by the mainstream conservative thinkers until 1975, when Margaret Thatcher became the leader of the party. Which does not mean that liberal thinkers were absent in this doctrine, throughout the history of British conservatism individualist principles have been proposed. Perhaps it should be noted that in the United Kingdom Liberals have been displaced by the Conservative Party, absorbing many liberal principles on the way which explains the liberal conservative tradition not found in continental Europe4. It was during the French Enlightenment that many conservative principles were developed as a defence for the establishment, the ancient regime. They countered progressive ideals such as liberty with contrasting theories about history, tradition and moral community. According to Joseph de Maistre individuals are social beings deriving from traditions in the society. Social continuity is guaranteed by moral guardians such as the family, the church and the state. There is no state of nature such as posited by Rousseau; the society reflects the authority of God. The notion of rights was therefore nonsense as obligations always precedence. They stood for hierarchy, aristocracy, the primacy of the collective over the individual and the importance of the sacred. All of these traits were also present in Burke’s writings. Edmund Burke is one of the first who developed conservative principles in England, and although he and his contemporaries have advocated principles now regarded as dead many contemporary conservative thinkers like to trace back their ideas to this heritage5. Although Burke, a Whig, supported a constitutional Monarchy in which the sovereign was constrained by parliament and the parliament by a small and exclusive electorate, he believed in representation of the independent wise derived from ‘natural aristocracy’. 6 When conservatives relate to Burke they mean his themes about organism, test of time and reform. Like Burke, conservatives distrust social change and accept human inequality. Human beings are naturally diverse in energy and talent which also implies that levelling classes is futile, egalitarian programmes are dangerous as they entail authoritarian measures which will crush individual liberty and social hierarch is desirable because the majority will benefit from the leadership of the few. Because conservatives prefer tradition they do not have any illusion that future times can eliminate imperfections of human arrangements, in contrast with their ideological adversaries. But the proposition that conservatism is rooted in a natural dislike of change is blameworthy as they have merged ahistorical patterns of individual behaviour in the Western culture with specific ideals about how the government and the society ought to be organised. Those who equate conservatism with opposition are therefore unsophisticated. A. O. Hirschman has defined three theses in which conservatives vindicate there position advocating tradition. The perversity thesis in which they warn for the opposite of the intended goal, for example; the bid for liberty during the French Revolution would lead to tyranny. The futility thesis, by which social engineering will never eliminate inequalities as it is impossible. And they warn for too high cost outweighing reform in the jeopardy thesis7. Therefore conservatism is best positioned as a device against unproven and thus false optimism. In Edmunds Burke’s book, Reflections on the Revolutions in France in 1790 he claimed that historical experience is more reliable than abstract speculation. The society is a product of organic growth, according to Burke, accumulating the wisdom of generations rather than by impractical ideals. In this same context he advocated the age of reason, comparing the small ‘individual stock’ with the inexhaustible ‘general bank and capital of nation and ages’. According to Burke the individual is sinful and react more often passionate than rational, prone to selfishness and mistaken judgement and therefore incapable of understanding the complexity of public interest. He warned against rationalism, a faulty judgement of individual formulation intoxicated with their capacity of abstract thinking disconnected from historical realities8. It is this disconnection of traditions what Burke shares with conservatives throughout the history. John Reeves who opposed to the natural rights advocated by progressive liberals in the late 18th century, because they rested on rational thinking. In 1872 Benjamin Disraeli blamed Whigs for abstract thinking fashionable in continental Europe, substituting cosmopolitan for national principles. And in the last century Michael Oakeshott depicted politics as an art of where to go next, not a science of setting up a permanent society. You read "Outline what is meant by the two strands of British conservatism and consider whether they are compatible" in category "Papers" Wise politicians use tradition as experience to decide what to do next and are not concerned with ideals such as a classless society. He used the enfranchisement as an example; women were granted the vote not by logic but by their gradually improving legal and social status. Oakeshott defined therefore two types of knowledge, practical knowledge based on tradition and technical knowledge based on abstract thinking. 9 According to Oakeshott technical thinking is incomplete without practice through time; abstract thinking in pursuit of ‘loose metaphysical’ thinking is therefore bound to fail. Clearly, conservatives have vindicated tradition to blame their adversaries of admitting to impractical rational schemes, but concluding that the heart of conservatism lies in traditionalism would not be sustainable. The conservative tradition has shown us that they do sometimes admit to idealistic speculation. While Disraeli blamed Whigs of ‘loose metaphysical’ speculation, he himself referred to an idealistic ideal of the feudal society to dismiss the capitalist market system and to provide social assistance. But also liberal conservatives have been prone to support dogmatic schemes in order to achieve the political formulae they believed consists out of the ‘sound’ conduct. Those Thatcherites have also put aside Oakeshotte’s notion of art, as they knew where to go next. And the New Right broke with tradition as they advocated radical change. This implies that conservatism does not advocate tradition per se and therefore stands for something as they have an image of a sound political order, which determines their attitude to social change. It is the essence of this sound political order which is not clear; there is no future plan which they pursue, perhaps because conservatives do not believe in utopia10. If the conservative standpoint to established institutions distinguishes a set of principles contrasting other ideologies, this would imply that both strands are in pursuit of the same ‘sound’ political conduct, but using different means. Or, although the two strands hold contrasting views on society they ought to be in pursue of the same ends. As mentioned above the paternalist strand used the feudal ideal to provide social assistance for the poor since Disraeli. Harold Macmillan who presented ‘the middle way’ as an updated expression of this ‘one-nation’ ideal as a means to attack the increasingly growing inequalities between two nations, the rich and the poor. The providence of welfare in 1954 was presented by R. A. Butler in a conservative manner; the Disraelian approach to modern politics did not require conservatives to abandon their traditional vindication of inequality. Disraeli provided us with inspiration and he cautioned us †¦. We should seek to secure greater quality not by levelling the few, but by elevating the many’. The modernised Disraelian strand became party orthodoxy until the 1970’s and created a consensus between the major parties over social Welfare. When the liberal strand took over from the collective strand as the mainstream of the British Conservative Party some fundamental differences became clear between the two strands, like the disagreement over the responsibilities of the powerful and the justification of wealth. 1 When collective conservatives talked about decent housing and adequate welfare they often cite Disraeli when urging the aristocratic ethos of noblesse oblige to be adapted in modern conditions. The collectivists felt morally justified to distribute money from the rich to the poor. Which does not mean liberal conservatives did not have a morally justification for their approach to social assistance. They feel that a competitive market is just as it rewards individuals reflecting the diversity of human talent and it nurtures habits of prudence and self-reliance. For liberal conservatives poverty is related to skill and effort, when you give provide welfare you create therefore an environment in which they do not have to work. Another justification of an unfettered economy is that the rich, people with special talent, create wealth which will eventually triples down to the poor. In this sense the rich are creators of prosperity instead of plunderers of the poor. In this same context they justified the distribution of power and wealth. This is in contrast with the collective strand who justifies wealth and power on social breeding of the elite. Common to these strands is the acceptance of inequality and the social obedience of the majority to firm leadership. 12 The arrival of Margaret Thatcher did not only underline these disagreements over justification and distribution of wealth and power, but was a departure from the paternalist strand in general. Many people would argue that the New Right represented classic liberalism instead of conservatism ends. Keith Joseph denied that there was a break with traditional conservative thinking. As long as institutions, culture, conservative responsibilities and political practices were recognisable or at least would be recognisable in the near future, conservatives could be tolerant. According to them conservatives could no longer be confident that this was so by the ends of the 1970’s. In these circumstances conservatives had to advocate in a reconstruction of a social, economical and political order in an attempt to restore lost values. 13 But it is the advocacy of a free-market economy what causes contradiction. Hayek, one of the leading neo-liberalist thought, himself wanted to link the free-market with the reason of test of time, which is in principle incompatible. When you support an unfettered market system you will have to accept the spontaneous outcomes it produces and accept any regime which survives, which is in contrast of Hayek’s refusal of certain institutions and mechanisms such as income distribution. The explanation of Hayek’s refusal is his particular use of tradition. 14 Without this he would be dependent on the outcome of the market. It is his use of spontaneous which is misleading. Although Hayek describes the social order to be spontaneous he probably means that the outcome of the innumerate individual decisions is spontaneous. The social order is constituted out of decisions taken, influenced by tradition and practice. Society is spontaneous as social order comes from within the society, which sits ill with the notion of evolution. According to the evolution theory the society is the result of social arrangement which have survived15. The incompatibility in Hayek’s notions of tradition and the spontaneous market was underlined by people like Letwin. Those liberal conservatives claimed that there was a clear distinction between the free market theory and Thatcherism. Whereas classical liberals favour the spontaneous outcome of the free market in both economical and social sphere, liberal conservatives distinguishes them. The economic consideration of Thatcherism is secondary to the programme of moral regeneration. The extension of ownership promotes rather than reduces traditional continuity in families. Private ownership of properties gives families the opportunity to hand on property which provides them with continuity. Thatcherism was a programme for radical change in many areas but recognised the importance of tradition in other contexts, attacking ‘entrenched’ institutions rather than traditional ones16. In this sense Thatcherism is in a direct line with conservatism. Other people find the connection between classic liberalism and conservatism illogical. Liberal conservatives accept much of the teachings of the laissez-faire theory and yet they insist on nationality and a strong state. In a free market system boundaries constrain the economy and are therefore harmful rather than desired. In principle markets ignore social and cultural differences between individuals and nations. A strong state is desirable as it preserves competition within the economy and encourages individual to participate and to buy private property17. When Letwin proclaimed that private ownership promotes continuity in family life, the influence of paid labour was not taken into consideration. The new Right stimulates structural changes of the economy in which demand and supply determine paid labour. The contradiction in the neo-liberal thought is damaging. On one hand they encourage market competition with detraditionalisation effects, and on the other hand they proclaim to promote the very traditional symbols which it also helps to dissolve and which are held as essential for social solidarity, like the family. Conservatives like Oakeshott, do not belief that market institutions can prosper in an autonomous way; this would namely imply mechanisms of thrust18. Thrust can only be protected by law to a certain extent. Norms and values are part of a wider nexus of social institutions not inherent in economical contracts but in tradition. Accepting the market as an autonomous mechanism which produces endless economical growth also contradicts with the conservative acknowledgement of imperfectability. According to most forms of conservatism humans have often wrongly tried to encompass the world with rational and abstract thinking, which is why they preferred tradition. The New Right does accept Imperfectability in the social sphere and beliefs that the government is incapable of economic planning, but see the market place as a frictionless machine. According to the New Right their doctrine flourished because they had discovered flaws and failures in the organisation the collectivist and socialist had supported after the Second World War19. These problems could be solved by letting free markets flourish and by renewing the core of moral institutions such as the state and the family. The most obvious change of the New Right was the departure from Keynesianism. In the decades before the arrival of Thatcher in British government there was a consensus over welfare policy. Keynes’ management of demand theory had controlled tendencies of capitalism towards cycles of boom and depression fairly well. This era, which is often referred to as a ‘golden age’, was characterised with economical growth. According to some, Keynesianism became ineffective as a result of intensified globalisation and the transformation of everyday life. The Management of demand theory could not cope with the 24-hour international market which typified ‘new’ globalisation20. Keynesian and other welfare programmes presumed a society with more stable lifestyle habits than are characteristic in contemporary 24-hours market economies. Unconstrained markets intensify globalisation which will lead to more detraditionalisation in social life and thus in the family. The New Right proclaimed that the family was central to their theory, but in the context of globalisation as positioned above this is certainly contradictive. As mentioned above conservatives use the notion of tradition in a particular way. The new Right has showed us that conservatism is not always opposed to radical change. According to Roger Scruton the radical change does not have to be a departure of the notion tradition21. Conservatives, he says, place faith in institutions which have been tried before and wishes to give as much as necessary authority to constitute an accepted and objective public realm. Authority is opposed to social contract and all other social arrangements based on choice; authority comes from the transcendent qualities of established institutions. Allegiance is what a member of a collectivity owes to authority. People relate to collectivities, but this is not determined by individual choice or conscious but by the socially and morally transcendent. Transcendence is also the core of tradition. Conservatives are therefore not concerned with any form of authority, but authority legitimised by traditional symbols and allegiance is not just a matter of belonging to some corporate body but it refers to an affiliation with organised groups based on tradition. Sructon also said that practices worth conserving need to have the weight of a successful history of something that has flourished. Such practices must have the ‘allegiance’ and ‘authority’ of their participants and must give a durable meaning to the emergence to be preserved22. These considerations, he says, rule out traditions such as torture, crime and revolution. This test of time is based on a sort of evolutionism in which symbols of traditions have survived through time interpreted for their social function, which is at least suspicious and certainly does not explain the position of conservatives to tradition. The objective distinction which separates the quality of tradition with habits, customs and Oakshott’s notion of technical knowledge is that it is determined by and ritual or revealed truth which is also the origin of its authority. In this sense tradition is not embedded in the practice but in certain rituals transmitted by guardians of tradition such as priests, wise men and respected elderly. The past is therefore essential for tradition, not because it must persist over an indefinite time but because it has to be passed on by practice, like in an apprenticeship23. In the past decades in which globalisation and thus detraditionalisation had intensified preserving tradition has become more like fundamentalism. Fundamentalism is nothing more than securing tradition with traditional means, according to Giddens, as it asserts its ritual truth without moral and cultural communication in conditions where traditions are under challenge24. This is potentially dangerous as it excludes social groups within the cosmopolitan society. The New Right, then, proclaims to be linked with conservatism advocated by people like Burke and Oakshott but is better to be viewed as radicalism in pursuit to preserve and restore institutions they value. My conclusion, therefore, is that the two strands of conservatism are incompatible. How to cite Outline what is meant by the two strands of British conservatism and consider whether they are compatible, Papers

Foreign Investment Impact On Australian Residential Real Estate Market

Question: Discuss about the Foreign Investment Impact On Australian Residential Real Estate Market And Housing Affordability. Answer: Introduction: The growth of foreign residents in Australia has start participating in the purchasing of the residential houses. The purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of foreign investment on making affordability in the housing market. The supply of residential area is increasing with the demand of it from foreign investors. The price rate of the dwelling area is getting increased due to the increase of demand. The legislative laws are developed in Australia to promote local construction for the development of dwelling houses (KPMG Economics, 2017). The residential projects are purchased by foreign investors or domestic buyers. It influences the housing living condition in the Australia. The people of Australia are looking forward for investment in the residential area. The Gross domestic product rate of the Australia country is increased to a high extent due to the foreign investment from various sources in housing residential area. Background The increasing demand of the dwelling houses has resulted into the rise of price which is around 7.25 % every year. The analysis of the residential prices in the last ten years, it is found that the steady growth of 3% is increased. The price of the dwelling houses is increased near about 6 times from his actual price. The GDP of the country is increased due to the foreign investment in the residential area in Australia. The growth of economy helps in increasing the living condition of the people. The performance of the Australian investor is improving with the association and consideration of immigrant in the Australian policy of real estates (Masron and Kepili, 2016). The new opportunities are created for the property dealers and buyers. The foreign residents are also participating in the process of purchasing the houses (Sharpnel, 2016). The recent studies help in providing the information that 10 to 20% of the purchase of dwelling houses is done by the foreign investors. The popu lation explosion also increases the demand of dwelling houses for the local people and immigrants. Problem statement The major problem which exists with the housing investment is the increasing prices of the dwelling areas due to the increasing demand from foreign residents. The financial condition and stability of the residential people get disturbed with the investment in housing area. Aims and Objectives The aim of the research program is to analyse the impact of foreign investment in real estate market. The research helps in focusing the factors which are responsible for the increasing demand of residential houses. Research Questions The research questions which are designed for undertaking the research on impact of foreign investment are given below: What is the impact of foreign investment on the growth of real estates? Why the foreign investors are interested in investing the purchase of dwelling houses? Why there is a significant increase in the price of the dwelling houses? What is the relationship between foreign investment and the growth of GDP of Australia? Literature Review: The foreign investors invest their money in the purchase of the dwelling houses with the purpose of long term investment (Rogers and Koh, 2017). It has been seen that the price of the dwelling houses get increased with a very rapid rate. The volatile condition of the global market can result in the variation of prices of the residential area (Rahman, 2008). There are various factors which are responsible for the growth of foreign investment in real estate (Rohde, 2017). Resolution to the traditional problems: The investment in the real estate property opens the door for the new opportunity provided to the local constructor of the country. The new jobs are created for the local resident people which results into the increase of economic growth of the country. The Foreign investors are looking forward to invest in the real estate property of the Australian government. The GDP of the country get increased which results into the increase in livelihood income of the local people (Rogers, Wong, and Nelson, 2017). The growth of economy helps in increasing the living condition of the people. The performance of the Australian investor is improving with the association and consideration of immigrant in the Australian policy of real estates. The positive impact on the growth of the country can be seen with the involvement of foreign investment in the real estate sector. The decreasing rates of interest have motivated the foreign investor to invest in the Australian property. The recent studies help in providing the information that 10 to 20% of the purchase of dwelling houses is done by the foreign investors. Most of the people get located in the Australia from various locations such as New South Wales, and other (Standing committee on economics, 2014). Factors responsible for the growth of Residential area: The immigrant from various nation start participating the process of purchasing property to become the resident of Australia. The interest rate on housing is less so they can affordable invests their amount in the buying of the dwelling houses. The increasing demand of the houses has compelled the Australian government to provide authority to develop residential area. The local contractors are promoted for developing the residential building. The skilled workers and quality material are supplied to the contractor to develop a well-finished building to attract foreign investor to invest their money in purchasing the properties. The economy of the nation is increasing at a very high speed due to the association of foreign investor in the market of real estate. The performance of the Australian investor is improving with the association and consideration of immigrant in the Australian policy of real estates. The population explosion increases due to the increasing number of immigrants f rom different countries. The rate of foreign investment increases due to the demand placed by immigrants to get a dwelling house in the residential area of Australia. Problem Statement: Some economist shows interest to know the reason for high prices of the houses in the Australia. The increasing prices of the houses are due to the high demand of dwelling houses from the foreign investor and domestic purchaser. The major problem which exists with the housing investment is the increasing prices of the dwelling areas due to the increasing demand from foreign residents. The financial condition and stability of the residential people get disturbed with the investment in housing area. The people are looking forward to invest in the residential houses because it brings long term sustainability in their investment. Summary The study of the literature review helps in evaluating that the positive impact can be seen on the growth of the local people living standard due to the increasing growth of foreign investor in the real estate because it opens new door of employment in the country. The skilled workers and quality material are supplied to the contractor to develop a well-finished building to attract foreign investor to invest their money in purchasing the properties. The volatile condition of the global market can result in the variation of prices of the residential area. There are various factors which are responsible for the growth of foreign investment in real estate. The decreasing rates of interest have motivated the foreign investor to invest in the Australian property. The recent studies help in providing the information that 10 to 20% of the purchase of dwelling houses is done by the foreign investors. Research Methodology The qualitative research methodology is used for figure out the impact of foreign investment in the residential houses. The growth in the income of the local people had motivated them to invest into housing property. Research Methodology The research is designed by collecting data from various sources. The collected data is used for developing the sample design. Research Philosophy: Various researchers integrate their views for increasing demand of foreign investment. The positivism philosophy is used for resolving the complexity of the real world for managing investment with respect to the legal and political issues associated with the property (Gauder, 2014). The association of new thought and opinion for achieving the long term sustainability program motivate them to do investment in property. It is realistic approach for investment. The impact of legislation complexity and implication of it in solving the issues related to the property helps in increasing the property value. Research Methods and data sources Different research methods are used for the analysis of the research agenda which focuses on the impact of foreign investment on the real estate agency. The hypothetical testing of the data collected helps in analysing the profitability ratio of the Australian government. The analysis of the report helps in examining the validity of the project. Qualitative approach: The qualitative approach is used for collecting the qualitative data which is used for measuring the application of the theoretical data in the practical life. The result of the study helps in evaluating the facts of improvement which have been seen in the growth of the local people due to the inclusion of foreign investment (Georgieva, 2017). The livelihood incomes of the local people have been improved to a high extent. It helps in bringing stability in the living condition of the people. Theoretical Approach: The hypothetical testing of the data collected helps in analysing the profitability ratio of the Australian government. The analysis of the report helps in examining the validity of the project. Data collection method The primary data and secondary data required for completing the research study can be collected through survey, interviews, questionnaires, journals, articles, and magazines. The Survey on the site location helps in analysing positive and the negative impact on the local people due to the construction of the houses and residential building. The organization of the face to face interview helps in predicting the problem faced by the local people in the transformation of their houses due to the construction of new residential building for the foreign investor. The people are looking forward to invest in the residential houses because it brings long term sustainability in their investment (Wokker and Sweiringa, 2017). The economic conditions of the local people get increased with the implementation of foreign policies for construction. Summary The analysis of the theoretical data helps in evaluating the impact of foreign investment on the life and living standard of the local people. The growth of economy helps in increasing the living condition of the people. The performance of the Australian investor is improving with the association and consideration of immigrant in the Australian policy of real estates. Different techniques of data collection help evaluating the financial crisis or profit faced by the Australian government with the association of foreign investor in the purchasing market of the real estates. The reserve bank of Australia has provided very low rate of interest which the people has to give on account of re-payment to the bank (Feriedouni, and Tajaddini, 2016). The low rates of interest help in attracting new foreign investors towards the nation to purchase a property in the country. Conclusion The positive impact on the growth of the country can be seen with the involvement of foreign investment in the real estate sector. The GDP of the country get increased which results into the increase in livelihood income of the local people. The volatile condition of the global market can result in the variation of prices of the residential area. The new jobs are created for the local resident people which results into the increase of economic growth of the country. The price of the dwelling houses is increased near about 6 times from his actual price. The GDP of the country is increased due to the foreign investment in the residential area in Australia. References: Feriedouni, H., and Tajaddini, R. (2016). Foreign investment in residential real estate in Australia, housing prices and performance of real estate related sectors. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://businesslaw.curtin.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2016/07/panel-data-conference-foreign-investment-in-residential-real-estate-in-australia-housing-prices-and-performance-of-real-estate-related-sectors.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Gauder, M. (2014). Foreign investment in residential real estate. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2014/jun/pdf/bu-0614-2.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Georgieva, V. (2017). The effect of foreign investment on housing prices in major Canadian cities. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/37177/1/Georgieva_Vania_2017_researchpaper.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. KPMG Economics. (2017). Housing affordability. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/au/pdf/2017/housing-affordability-sydney-melbourne-june-2017.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Masron, T., and Kepili, E. (2016). Can Foreign investment in real estate improves host country affordability. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://web.usm.my/journal/aamjaf/aamjaf12022016/aamjaf12022016_1.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Rahman, M. (2008). Australian housing market: causes and effects of rising price. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://eprints.usq.edu.au/4614/2/Rahman_2008.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Rogers, D. and Koh, S. (2017). The globalization of real estates: the politics and the practice of foreign real estate investment. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19491247.2016.1270618 [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Rogers, D., Wong, A., and Nelson, J. (2017). Public perceptions of foreign Foreign real estate investment: intercultural relations in global sydney. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/1239723/RogersEtal2017_AustGeog.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Rohde, N. (2017). The contribution of foreign real estate investment to housing price growth in Australian capital cities. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/abac.12110 [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Sharpnel, B. (2016). Australian housing outlook 2016- 2019. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/J8232%20QBE%20Australian%20Housing%20Outlook%202016%202019.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Standing committee on economics. (2014). Report on foreign investment in residential real estate. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/Report%20Final.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018]. Wokker, C., and Sweiringa, J. (2017). Foreign investment and residential property price growth. 1st ed. [ebook]. Available at: https://static.treasury.gov.au/uploads/sites/1/2017/06/TWP_FI_Residential_Property_Price_Growth.pdf [Accessed 06 Apr. 2018].

Marketing Plan †Halal Diet in the United States

Marketing Strategy The Halal diet is consumed mostly by the Muslims in different countries of the world. The diet has been accepted in various countries, and this makes it popular in many countries where Islamic faith is practiced. Countries advocating for religion diversity, such as the United States, have accepted the use of such products in their markets.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Plan – Halal Diet in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that the product is not limited to Muslim countries but also other countries globally (Brazin, 2006). For this reason, the diet is intended to be marketed across the religious and other sects in the United States. The diet is to be marketed across different eating cultures. This means that the diet is to be marketed to Muslims and people of other religions because it helps in weight loss reduction. The health benefits of the product will make it acceptable by other religions, cultures, communities and countries. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has been an efficient method of accessing and maintaining a product in the market (Shimp, 2010). Firms use IMC to improve their market position by delivering the important information that consumers might require. The marketers also collect important information about the behavior of consumers. This helps develop products which match the needs of the customers. On the other hand, the consumers are able to deliver the information they feel is important about the products being offered in the market by the company. The major importance of IMC is that it makes a product to have a stronger competitive advantage in the market (Shimp, 2010). This strategy will be adopted in the marketing of the Halal Diet in the United States. Since Halal Diet is not a new product in the market, the difference has to be brought about in order to make distinction from the norma l Halal diet in the market. Therefore, issues that will be given maximum attention in strategizing the marketing process are: branding and advertising, promotional activities, budgeting and media rationale and publicizing of the diet.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first thing will be the branding of the diet since it will give the diet the aspect of uniqueness in the market (Franzen Moriarty, 2009). The diet will have a single brand name which is ‘Special Halal Diet for Weight Loss.’ This name will be enclosed in a caption on a packet in which the diet will be packaged for delivery. The color of the packages will differ for the vegetarian diet and for the non-vegetarian diet, and this will be written on the packet for ease of differentiation. This is because the diet is meant for customers with differing consumption habits. A clear distinction has to be made when packaging and branding in order to make it easy for the customers to identify their taste of the diet. Since the diet will be introduced as a new product in the market, massive advertising is required in order to make the product known to the market (Ishikawa Tsujimoto, 2008). Advertisement will be done through the internet, the radio and the television and posters. The internet will be used because modern marketing embraces the use of e-marketing; which has proven to be very effective because many people in the United States have adopted e-shopping and marketing (Kurtz, 2011). In addition, most people in the US have access to the internet, and the internet also gives a room for explaining the diet to the customers in a quite detailed manner. Amazon.com, which is one of the widely used marketing and advertising websites, will be used in advertising the Halal diet. Television and radio are also common tools of advertisement, and adverts of the diet will be aired on the radio and the television in order to reach more customers who do not visit the internet regularly. Moreover, the products will be posted on the billboards and posters in order to instantaneously alert people of the diet. Mission For any business to grow, it has to have a strong vision and mission which are the guiding factors that always put the business on truck. The vision of this business is â€Å"preparing high quality and healthy food for all Americans.† The mission of the Halal Diet business is â€Å"preparing and delivering of quality and healthy diet for all Americans.†Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Marketing Plan – Halal Diet in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The objectives of the business are to produce food that cuts across the cultural divides of America, making food that is healthy for the population and which will help in addressing the healthy and c onsumption needs of all Americans. In summary, the mission and objectives of this business centers on marketing across cultures, addressing the modern health needs of the customers in the diet and addressing different eating habits of the customers. These three diversities are important and will help the firm in capturing a big market for the business; and therefore propel the growth of the business in the United States. This diet intends to help customers tackle the problem of overweight, thus as they continuously consume the product and achieve this goals, they will yearn for more diet. Also, both vegetarians and non-vegetarians will have their needs captured by the business, making it to have a more competitive advantage more so over the normal halal diet. Marketing Objectives The objectives of marketing the Halal Diet are as follows: The first objective is to introduce the new Halal Diet to the customers in the market. As such, the main aim is defining the diet to the customers in order for them to know that such a diet exists in the market. Advertisement and promotional activities will be greatly deployed to see that this objective is fulfilled. The second objective is the familiarization of the diet in the market. After customers have known that such a diet exists in the market, it is important to make them get used to all the aspects of this diet which include the different tastes and flavors of the diet and the benefits that come from eating the diet. The third objective is to promote the sales of the diet. The sales of the product will be largely dependent on the marketing strategies used in achieving both the first and the second objective.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Putting in place efficient and effective marketing strategies will automatically lead to the achievement of this objective. More sales will be gained through effective application of public relations by the firm and the manner in which the business will carry out its corporate social responsibility (Pride Ferrell, 2011). Financial Objectives Just like any other business, this marketing plan has financial implications. The ultimate goal of marketing the halal diet is familiarizing the diet to the customers which will help the product to be known and purchased by these customers, thereby helping advance sales and increase the earnings from the business. Huge sums of money will go to branding, packaging and advertisement of the diet to the potential customers. Since the US is a very big country in size, it will be very costly to market the diet in the whole country at a go. To limit the cost of marketing, the diet will be marketed in different phases. The first phase which is the dete rminant one will take place in one state – New York. Thus, owing to this fact, it is only the Internet advertisement which will cover the whole country. The posters and billboards advertising the diet will only be used in the city of New York. Promotional activities which are equally important in introducing a product to customers will be confined to the city of New York. Once the diet has been sufficiently marketed in the State of New York, it will be easy for access the markets in other states. Sufficient marketing will be determined by observing the number of customers and the amount of sales that are made in the state of New York. This progress will be assessed after every quarter; that is after every three months and adjustments made at after every quarter depending on the marketing achievements that will have been made. Target Market(s) The target market for the Halal diet is so diverse. The diversification is aimed at going beyond the market of the prevailing Halal die t. The advantage of this diet is that it will traverse the religious lines, thus it is expected to attract more customers. The diet is meant for the youths, the adult people as well as the aged population. There is also the special category of people; that is people who have overweight and obese cases. The cases of obesity in the city of New York have been rising since the year 2000 (City University of New York, 2007). The diet will be made known to these customers through the advertisement that will be done. Potential customers will be given a chance to order for the diet. Customers will order for the products online or come to the established restaurants and order for the product from there. Customers will make a choice of either having the food delivered to their homes or get it direct from the restaurants. References Brazin, L. R. (2006). Internet Guide to Medical Diets and Nutrition. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth press Inc. City University of New York. (2007). Reversing the Diabe tes and Obesity Epidemics in New York City: A call to action to confront a public health, economic and moral threat to New York City’s future. Web. Franzen, G., Moriarty, S. E. (2009). The science and art of branding. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. Ishikawa, A., Tsujimoto, A. (2008). Creative marketing for new product and new business development. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. Kurtz, D. L. (2011). Contemporary marketing. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. (2011). Foundations of marketing. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. Shimp, T. A. (2010). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. This term paper on Marketing Plan – Halal Diet in the United States was written and submitted by user Kallie Riggs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Understanding Finance and the Current Crisis The WritePass Journal

Understanding Finance and the Current Crisis Abstract Understanding Finance and the Current Crisis ). Credit Booms The other area of relevance is seen to be the areas of credit and how the credit markets influenced the financial behaviours leading up to and during the financial crisis (Brusco and Castiglionesi 2007). To a large extent, it can be argued that the increase in the asset price of housing across the US and UK was due to relatively easily available credit conditions that allowed a wide variety of individuals to purchase properties that were stretching their financial position to such an extent that, when fundamental factors changed, such as employment, the asset price could no longer be maintained. Based on the research, it has been suggested that the recent economic crisis was, in fact, down to a credit situation within the financial markets and not necessarily the asset itself, namely houses. Immediately prior to financial crises, there is indication that there was also a rapid increase in the amount of credit being made available, and during the recent financial crisis, the focus has been on credit availability for the purposes of purchasing property. However, similar issues have also emerged in short-term credit, such as personal loans and credit cards allowing individuals to gain access to credit streams that their income would not necessarily suggest should be available to the rational lender (Calomiris and Kahn, 1991). Interestingly, research has indicated that a credit boom will often happen as a result of a prolonged period of positive economic shock or following from a particular, economic growth in a region or market. This will suggest that where there was a great deal of growth and buoyancy within the housing market, this was a precursor to the credit boom (Claessens et al., 2010). It is also argued that monetary policies are also seen to be linked to the credit crisis, and that an understanding of the financial decision-making within the financial market can have a detrimental effect on whether or not the credit boom takes place. For example, it is suggested that low interest rates encouraged the US housing market and that more people were able to borrow money, at this lower interest rate. This shows an indication that a monetary policy decision, namely to reduce interest rates can have a knock-on effect on asset prices and credit availability, all of which has been arguably fundamental when it came to the recent economic crisis (Lansing, 2008). This type of activity has been referred to as financial liberalisation, whereby investors of every kind are more inclined to take financial risks and to pursue new financial opportunities, such as purchasing property. This type of liberalisation could also be seen as inherently linked to the willingness of banks to lend to customers and to have less stringent lending criteria which would appear to be linked to the volatility within the housing market, as having such financial flexibility within the banking sector allowed for the housing assets to boom, at an irrational level. This again suggests the notion that external factors and policies can ultimately change behaviours of agents within the financial markets and the decisions that they make, in terms of their own investments and their own decision-making (Dell’Ariccia, Igan and Laeven, 2012) Combined Impact on Financial Markets Having identified that there are the two factors in the unnaturally high price of assets, namely housing assets and the lenient credit conditions which were placed on the market through policy decisions such as low interest rates and low interference with banking regulations that have been deemed to be inherently linked to the recent credit crisis, it is unsurprising that a wide amount of research has been undertaken to look at how these factors came together to create the shift in the financial markets that have occurred, in recent years. By looking at the combined movement within the credit markets and within the housing market, it was established that there were substantial differences between the movements experienced as a result of external factors during a period of economic crisis and the reactions of similar changes during periods of stability. This suggests that the financial markets behave differently during a crisis, something which may be very relevant to how policymakers should behave when looking to navigate their way out of the financial crisis period. It has been identified that one of the key factors linked to a bust which is likely to result in a credit crisis can be seen in the volatility of the movement within the financial markets. Having identified that the two issues of available credit and the increasing house prices are inherently linked and that both factors led to the credit crisis, the researchers largely moved on to identifying how these factors have created the behaviours seen within the economy, in the last few years. Banking institutions have been perceived to be central to this, as these were the institution that lent the money and made credit available in the first place and also the first institution to suffer when the asset price dropped from the exceptionally high level and borrowers began to default. Research has looked at the way in which the banking institutions operate under these conditions, as it is perceived to be a particularly important means of determining the impact that the financial market is having on the credit crisis and the potential recovery. An argument has been presented which suggests that, where borrowing and lending is collateralised in some way and the market price of that collateral changes for the negative, the organisation simply cannot rely on this collateral, in order to continue its operations (Schleifer, 2000). In this case, collateral is deemed to be housing assets, although many of the financial institutions use complex arrangements in order to bundle the deb ts and sell them on to third parties, although fundamentally they were linked to the housing assets which were dropping as a result of changes in monetary policies and increasing concerns over the sustainability of house prices. Crucially, it is therefore argued according to rational behaviours where investors (in this case house buyers) opinions on the likely future for the assets and their own ability to sustain the assets change, so do the financial markets surrounding these assets, something which is particularly exacerbated when policy decisions result in an increase in interest rates and fears relating to employment levels, all of which creates a spiralling situation and potentially volatile reactions from investors. Implications of the crisis A large portion of the research and the literature in this area looks at the causes of the economic crisis and attempts to identify patterns that could offer explanatory value as to why the crisis happened in the way that it did. However, it is contended in this literature review that the real value comes from identifying the implications of the asset and credit crisis, in terms of the reactions of financial institutions and how this can potentially be used as a means of recovery for the future. Specific research looking at the reasons for the financial bubble indicated that banking institutions were central to the crisis, in terms of encouraging excess lending and therefore also encouraging the unnaturally high house prices, which became unsustainable, in the long run. Some of the literature has focused almost entirely on the economic crisis and the impact that this has had on longer-term economic activity (Claessens, Kose, and Terrones, 2012). Research has indicated that, whilst the economic crisis itself created problems in the housing market, it also ultimately led to greater widespread recession than would normally be expected in the typical cycle associated with the performance of the economy. Various different research approaches have been taken in order to compute the precise impact that the recent economic crisis has had on financial markets and how this can ultimately be used to pave the way forwards. The approach taken by Claessens, Kose, and Terrones, 2012, used traditional methodology of analysis the business cycles, in order to identify whether or not a recessionary period is being entered into. This theoretical approach argued that recessionary periods, which are associated with a form of asset crisis, in this case a credit and housing would cost more to the economy overall than any drop associated simply with equity prices, e.g. as part of the traditional business cycle. Of perhaps more interest regarding this topic, going forward, is the way in which the financial markets are likely to recover from the period of recession, with research suggesting that recovery will typically be low and weak in comparison with the volatility of the drop, in the first place (Kannan, Scott, and Terrones 2013). This body of research is deemed to be highly relevant, as it not only looks towards linking the concept of credit crisis with the way in which the financial markets are behaving, but also explores how these two factors can interact, in order to deal with the recovery, in the most appropriate way, something which is likely to be of interest to policymakers and those within financial markets, for the future. Future possible research and conclusions Despite the myriad of different research papers which focus on different aspects of the credit crisis and have looked at the interaction between credit and housing, as well as external monetary factors, the real value comes from understanding the reactions and behaviours of an economic crisis, as a means of improving recovery prospects. One particular area of research that would be beneficial in this regard is the way in which the financial markets fluctuate, even where there is no ultimate crisis. This is deemed to be important, as there is a cycle that emerges within the financial markets which must necessarily be understood, if the true measure of a crisis is to be established, in the future. Without understanding what is perceived to be ‘normal’, it is simply impractical to appreciate the cause and effect of abnormal periods within the economic cycle and how these can be reduced or mitigated, in the long run. References Blanchard, O. J., and M. W. Watson, (1982), â€Å"Bubbles, Rational Expectations and Speculative Markets,† in Crisis in Economic and Financial Structure: Bubbles, Bursts, and Shocks, P. Wachtel, ed. Lexington Books: Lexington Brunnermeier, M. (2001). Asset Pricing under Asymmetric Information: Bubbles, Crashes, Technical Analysis and Herding, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brusco S. and F. Castiglionesi (2007). â€Å"Liquidity Coinsurance, Moral Hazard and Financial Contagion,† Journal of Finance 62, 2275-2302. Calomiris, C. and C. Kahn (1991). â€Å"The Role of Demandable Debt in Structuring Optimal Banking Arrangements,† American Economic Review 81, 497-513. Claessens, S., G. Dell’Ariccia, D. Igan, and L. Laeven, (2010), â€Å"Cross-Country Experience and Policy Implications from the Global Financial Crisis,† Economic Policy. A European Forum, April 2010, Vol. 62. PP. 269-93 Claessens, S., M. A. Kose, and M. Terrones, (2012), â€Å"How do Business and Financial Cycles Interact?† Journal of International Economics, Vol. 87, pp. 178-90. Dell’Ariccia, G., D. Igan, and L. Laeven, 2012, â€Å"Credit Booms and Lending Standards: Evidence from the U.S. Subprime Mortgage Market,† Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 44, pages 367-84. Garber, P. M., (2000), Famous First Bubbles: The Fundamentals of Early Manias, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Gorton G. and G. Ordonez, (2012), â€Å"Collateral Crises,† NBER Working Papers, No. 17771, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Kannan, P., A. Scott, and M. E. Terrones, (2013), â€Å"From Recession to Recovery: How Soon and How Strong,† in S. Claessens, M. A. Kose, L. Laeven, and F. Valencia, eds., Financial Crises, Consequences, and Policy Responses, forthcoming. Keynes, J. M., (1930) The Great Slump of 1930. London: The Nation Athenà ¦um. Lansing, K. J., 2008, â€Å"Speculative Growth and Overreaction to Technology Shocks,† Working Paper Series 2008-08, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Marazzi, C. (2010) The Violence of Financial Capitalism, NY: Schleifer, A., (2000), Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance, Oxford University Press, Oxford Zheng, Z., (2005) From Rationality to Bounded Rationality, Australian Economic Papers, December, 455-474.

Demand and supply Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Demand and supply - Essay Example These factors have been pointed out and discussed by several authors (Stiglitz and Walsh (2002), Pindyck and Rubinfeld (2004), Mansfield (1992), Reynolds (1988), Colander, (2004) etc.). Stiglitz and Walsh (2002) demarcate these factors into economic and non-economic factors. Below is an elaboration of these ‘other factors’. An increase or decrease in the income of consumers may lead to a rise or fall in the demand for a product. This change by and large depends upon the nature of the commodity; i.e., inferior good or normal good. In case of an inferior good, an increase in the income of consumer will lead to a fall in the demand of that particular commodity and vice versa, because consumer will then shift to a product much better than the previous commodity in his/her perception. On the contrary, in case of a normal good, an increase in the income of the consumer will cause the demand for that commodity to rise shifting the demand curve to the right and vice versa. This is another economic factor responsible for bringing about a shift in the demand curve. A change in demand of a particular product can be effectuated by a change in price of its close substitutes. The demand for a product will rise if the price of its substitute commodities increases, shifting the demand curve to the right and vice versa. For instance, the demand for coffee for some people will increase as the price of tea rises and vice versa. On the other hand, more tea-consumers would shift to coffee if the price of coffee declines in the market, because a rational consumer will mostly opt for a cheaper substitute, once the price of any of the product rises. Complements are the products that are used or preferably used with another product. Any change in the price of complements will also lead to a change in the demand for the product. For instance if the price of milk increases, the demand for tea or coffee will also fall down, causing a leftward shift to the demand curve. It

Hilton Embraces Collaboration with Information Technology Partners Assignment

Hilton Embraces Collaboration with Information Technology Partners - Assignment Example It was also crucial to embrace collaboration with technology leaders because then, it would be possible to focus more on the company’s core competencies. It is much easier for them to do so without having to worry about things such as systems implementation, research and development practices, and also technological solutions (Webb 1). One of the major problems associated with collaborating with five IT leaders might be their lack of cooperation. It may be hard trying to get these companies to work together and share ideas, and also work through their interdependence (Webb 3). For example; If AT&T and IBM refused to identify each other’s importance, it would be impossible for them to work together for the greater good of the company. Furthermore, it would be a major problem if the IT companies fail to adhere to the governance process that exists in the company. What this means is that, if there is a failure to follow the governance procedures that exist prior to the commencing of the contracts, there might be a loss of contract

Enterprise Resource Planning of Nike

Enterprise Resource Planning of Nike Nike was founded by Mr. Phil Knight and his past coach Bill Bowerman in 1964 and they started Blue Ribbon Sports. Knights first shoe was called Tiger and then began distribution of shoes. Blue Ribbon got great success in 1971 and Knight changes the company name Nike. In 1971 it introduced Nikes first brand line. Nike launched its product line in 1979. The new version of its Air shoe which was very successful and it was known as Air Jordan; introduced in 1985. Nike opened its first retail outlet in Portland, Oregon in 1990. In 1991 the company was very successful and its revenue reached USD $3 billion. Company began selling its products directly to customers from its website. Nike is the worlds leading sports and athletic shoes. Nike is the major manufacturer of sports equipment with $18.6 billion USD in the year of 2008. Nike has 30000 employees in worldwide. (Nikebiz:company overview, 2010) Nike Mission Statement To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete* in the world * If you have a body, you are an athlete. (nike, 2010) Introduction Nike had generated profits of $97.4 million and its profit dropped down by 50% in February 2001. Nike said that it was because of the failure of supply chain software produced by i2 technologies. Both companies blamed each other. This failure also effected Nikes reputation. The supply chain software was the first segment of NSC (Nike Supply Chain) project from SAP and also customer relationship management software from Siebel System. Analysts pointed out the fault of customization of the software and over demand forecasting. (Koah, 2004) Company successfully implemented (NSC) Nike Supply Chain project by 2004. The (NSC) Nike Supply Chain project is centralized planning moving and manufacturing. At last Nike got success in Implementing ERP and it became the desired approach for those who want to implement the ERP systems in their company. Christopher Koch (Editor of CIO Magazine) stated that If it was easy, everyone would just do it. In the late 1990, most companies avoided to adopt ERP because of the huge cost of ERP systems. (Koch, 2004) The lesson of Nikes failure and subsequent rebound lies in the fact that it had a sound business plan that was widely understood and accepted at every level of the company. Given that resiliency it afforded the company, in the end the i2 failure turned out to be just a speed bump. (Koah, 2004) Products Range Nike has wide range of sports equipment, running shoes, and jerseys and may other products as shown in figure 1. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) ERP entitles a companys information system which can bring more closely the companys departments and functions like human resources, finance and inventories. It also creates the link between customers and producers. Introduction of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Enterprise Resource Planning is the enterprise system tool which manages demand and supply. It has the ability to make link between customers and suppliers. ERP also provides the high degree of integration between purchasing, manufacturing, marketing, sales, logistics and marketing. ERP is the tool which can provide high level of customer services and productivity and also lower the cost. (Wallace Kremzar, 2001) Enterprise Resource Planning is a company which increase it sales by 20% because of ERP. The vice president states that ERP has provided the key to becoming a truly global company. Design can be made with the accurate data and with the process that concretes demand and supply across border and oceans. This change is worth billion to us in sales worldwide. (Wallace Kremzar, 2001) The Director of ERP For the first time ever, we have a good handle on our future requirements for components raw and materials. When our customer demand changes, weà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ourselves and our suppliersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬can manage changes to our schedules on a very coordinated and controlled basis. I dont see how any company can do effective supply chain management without ERP. (Wallace Kremzar, 2001) Origin of the Term ERP The Enterprise Resource Planning ERP developed from Manufacture Resource Planning (MRP). The ERP was introduced by an analytical firm Garner. Enterprise Resource Planning has all the functions of an enterprise except organisation business or charter. Many organisations like IBM, Dell and HP Microsoft, Intel and many other organisations are now using ERP systems. The ERP systems are typically for large and more broadly based applications although it is also used in small and medium sized businesses. The ERP systems provide standardization, lower maintenance and it can store all data in one database. So, we can say that it has greater reporting capabilities. ERP includes other applications like Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP), Financials Resource Management (FRM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Human Resources Management (HRM). (Leon , 2008) Overview of ERP Many organisations choose to implement one part for ERP systems and stand-alone systems for the other ERP applications need to develop an external interface to the other ERP system. Because in an organisation one vendor choose to use human resource management system and the financial system choose another and integration between those systems. It is very common in midsized retailer and the retail sector will have a point of sale (POS) and financial application then they have a specialized application to handle other business requirements like logistics and merchandising. (Leon , 2008) The quality of ERP system is that it provides a single database which contains all the data for the software module also shown in figure 3: Manufacturing Supply Chain Management Financials Projects Human Resources Customer Relationship Management (Leon , 2008) Reasons for Buying ERP Software In these days when the business environment is increasingly complex and highly competitive then the organisations need the IT system which is highly competitive with time management. The organisations need the outstanding performance in their business by utilizing the time in the correct way. Enterprise system utilize the company time correctly. Enterprise Resource Planning is the planning in which the business resources like material, employees and customers moved from one state to another state. An ERP system maintains the data which connects with the business functions like manufacturing, supply chain, Management, finance, human resource, customer relationship management. (Leon , 2008) Reasons of ERP projects Failure Sometimes ERP projects fail if you do not implement them well. There are some of the reasons for the failure of ERP failure. The company selected the wrong software of ERP for the company. The training of employee is also very important and some organisations dont train well their employees. Some software is heavily customized and if these are not match with the companys IT infrastructure then there can be problem. If we do not implement the effective change management strategies then it can be the result of failure of the project. If the business merger leaves out the work in the process then it can be also a big loss.(Glenn, 2008) There are also some factors from where we can achieve the successful ERP projects by selecting the right software for the company. Give the right training to employees. For implementing the ERP we have to manage each approach and utilize the best practices for implementing ERP software. (Starinsky, 2001) I found some important realities about ERP are that there is no perfect ERP system exists. We cannot say that any ERP implementation is ever perfect. If two companies have the same ERP software but the implementation cannot be the same because every company has its own style of implementation. (Leon , 2008) SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management is a network that is involved buying, making, moving, selling and distribution. (Hugos, 2006)